Tuesday, 11 December 2012

'The Fear' essay


The TV drama clip ‘The Fear’ can be used to construct representation of social class using features such as camera shots, editing, Mise-en-scene and sound.

Throughout the clip, the social class difference and the effect that it has on the characters changes. The clip starts by the camera moving from left to right, in the direction of the two characters, which has been shown by the tracking movement of the camera. This camera movement has been used to make the audience look at the whole scene while it moves from left to right, rather than just focus on a close up of a character. The long shot being used by the camera is also affective for the same reason. It makes the audience focus on everything in the shot, which is good for an opening scene in a clip because the audience can identify the characters and the setting at the same time. The social class is automatically assumed and explained in that shot, this is because the props that is in the doctor’s reception. There are leather chairs, wooden desks and chairs flat screen computers and big glass windows which suggest that they doctors surgery and the people that work there are from a high class.

The sound in the clip also represents the social class. The first male character that appears in the clip; Ritchie, uses dialogue towards the reception lady which suggests that he is more important than her, although he is probably from a lower or even the same class as the woman. He says “Looking for doctor Whiteing” and by him using a demanding deep tone to his voice, makes Ritchie seem like a powerful and higher class character. When the reception lady replies to Ritchie by saying, “Do you have an appointment” in a soft but stern voice, it makes her then looks like the powerful one by questioning him. Because there isn’t any non-diegetic sound and there is just dialogue, it builds tension when the reception lady rebels against the male character. More dialogue is continued when Ritchie replies, “Just tell him its Ritchie”. The reception lady replied to Ritchie again by saying “im afraid doctor Whiteing can’t see anyone without an appointment” and then pauses to let Ritchie think but then adds “im afraid im ganna have to ask you to remove your car”. This shows representation of class because the woman who is the higher class is more dominating and demanding.

 The Mise-en-scene in both scenes; the reception area and then in the doctors room both show representation of class. In the reception area the props such as the furniture and the desk is all very modern and the costume of the receptionist is smart and formal that represents her as a high class. Even though he is in a suit and does look formal from his costume, the way he presents himself by picking up the computer keyboard and going to swing to hit the woman if she didn’t let him off moving his car is represented as violent and intimidating. This can make Ritchie look like he is from a high class by bossing the reception woman about but he can also be made to look weak because of how nasty he is. After Doctor Whiteing comes to see what was happening, he saw Ritchie at reception and caught him with the keyboard in his hand ready to swing at the woman he took him into his own room to have a chat.  

Editing has been used in this scene to represent class. The camera movement goes back to the very first tracking of the view of the whole reception area. The camera shot of Ritchie’s close up shot of his face has been edited with a cut onto the long shot. This goes from making Ritchie look powerful to looking small. The next shot that is shown of Ritchie is the close up in the doctor’s room. This editing cut has been done from one long shot to a close up to emphasize the facial expression. Because Ritchie’s personality is aggressive but also jokey in a way, it shows that he is not from the posh formal background unlike the receptionist who uses a formal tone of voice and Doctor Whiteing who is also formal and dedicated to his job. You can tell this from the dialogue: “What do you want Richie”. This is showing that he thinks Ritchie is messing him around and taking up his time by joking and shows he doesn’t want to speak to him. It represents class because the doctor is from the upper class and is looking down onto Ritchie who seems to be wandering in and annoying people.


In conclusion, social class has been represented in this clip by the use of sound, Mise-en-scene, editing and camera shots. Camera shots and angles gives effect by making the character look more or less powerful which can represent their class; the higher class looking powerful. The sound and dialogue plays a big part in the clip because the tone of voice and what characters say to each other are different depending on the gender, class and age.

Wednesday, 5 December 2012

Textual analysis and representation notes

-representation is linked to economic forces
-representation is shaped by technology, which is described as a fragmented audience
- textual analysis is an advanced form of media literacy and a basic level of it allows somebody to understand the narrative of a tv drama and to make criticisms in relation to other programmes
-For us to deconstruct a tv drama we need to know how its been put together and to do this we need to work at micro and macro levels of the text
-micro level means pulling apart aspects of the texts frame by frame construction
- frame construction includes camera angles and the movement, shot types, editing transitions music/sound effects and mise-en-scene (lighting choices, props and costumes)
- To work at macro level it means drawing up conclusions from micro work about how the sequence represents themes and people
-also witness the interpretations that viewers will create

representation 
-when people say did you watch the game last night?' you would say yes but strictly speaking your not..because your are really watching a meditated constructed re-presentation of the match

Metaphor
-Gauntlett (2007 developed a research method using lego, he asked people to make a metaphorical model with the lego so it represents their identity, he didn't expect them to make models that resemble them so that way he can get a better sense of how people see themselves and present them

Verisimilitude
-when we look at how a media text represents the world we are usually concerned with the representation of age, gender, ethnicity social groups, places and themes
-to explore representation in a tv/radio drama we will be asking
--What kind of realism is being attempted by the programme, who is being represented in the drama, who is not being represented and why, whether we can identify any stereotypical characters, is there a dominant view of the world that has been represented and what different responses might the audience members make to the representations.

representational codes
-'life on mars' is a good example of a tv drama that is rich with representational codes. the drama depends on the juxtaposition. Without the audiences complicity in understand the contrast the text is meaningless. 

Chapter 2.1- TV drama
-British TV still attracts huge viewing audiences and many of the shows are watched as one off peak time broadcasts
drama series has huge potential to produce ongoing revenue through sales to other countries and channels as well as DVD sales, but 'propor TV drama' brings prestige to institutions that attempt to make it 
-but british TV drama is no longer as big as it was
Connolly concludes that while British TV drama is now something of a poor relation in comparison to the america producer, it is still a fairly healthy state

camera shots- establishing shot, master shot, close up, mid-shot, long shot, wise shot, two shot, aerial shot, point of view shot and over the shoulder shot
camera angles- high, low and canted angle
camera movement- pan,tilt, track,dolly,crane, steadicam, hand-held, zoom, reverse zoom
camera composition- framing, rule of thirds, depth of field, deep and shallow focus, focus pulls
editing- transition of image and sound, continuity and non systems, cutting, shot/reverse shot, eyeline match, graphic match, action match, jump cut cross cutting, parallel, editing, cutaway, insert, dissolve, fade in and out, wipe, superimposition, long take, short take, slow motion, ellipsis and expansion of time
sound-diegetic, non, synchronous, sound effects, sound motif, sound bridge, dialogue, voiceover, model of address, sound mixing, sound perspective, soundtrack, score, incidental music themes, ambient sound
Mise-en-scene- production design, location, studio, set design, costume and makeup, properties, lighting, colour design

background to TV drama-
there are different types of tv drama that have different conventions 
-teen dramas
-soap operatas
costume dramas
medical/hospital dramas
police/crime dramas
docu dramas

teen dramas- 
it is a broad sub-genre, generally these are concerned with striking an entertaining balance between social issues that are of concern of the target audience, and creating an attractive representational range of recognisable character types. But the other issue of it is should kids copy the negative behaviour they see?
Examples of teen dramas such as 'grange hill' can be views as a social document that represents a range of social changes.
-teen dramas are unlike the rest of our examples as they do not set out to appeal to such a broad audience

Soap operas
- the soap opera format can be a area of study in its own right and can be the important interplay is between the micro and the macro elements of textual analysis.  
- soap operates rely on intertexual or extra textual meanings. However soap trailers have become increasingly sophisticated. 
terms of popularity we need to consider whether the reason for the longevity of the pleasure offered by these texts is to do with representation
period dramas
-not all of them are literacy adaptation but they do account for a substantial part of the sub-genre.
period drama is expensive to produce because of the high demands and fees earned by the kinds of acting personnel expected by the audience.we can say that they tend to be more 'filmic' in quality and that those that are based on literature will represent people and issues largely in keeping with the original novel or play

hospital dramas
-they balance two different narrative themes; public health and the treatment of illness and workplace interactions and relationship, this shares many conventions with soap operas
-they feature a range of character types that are referred to as stereotypes

crime dramas
-there are 2 kinds; one off crime tends to focus on the kinds of crime that create the most anxiety among the viewing public and long running tv crime dramas will have a variety of sub-plots over time that build up sustained audience interest, each one will have its own unique representational aspects that are not directly related to the crime being investigated
-media representations of crime normally set up 5 key binaries;
- crime/the police, criminals/the justice system, lawyers versus courts, social workers versus the police and victims versus the public, each one can be analysed using this system to get a sense of how each programme represents crime and law differently